1. Pre-emergence damping off: Seedlings disintegrate before they come out of soil surface leading to poor seed germination
2.Post-emergence damping off is characterised by development of disease after seedlings have emerged out of soil but before the stems are lignified
3.Water soaked lesion formation at collar region
4.Infected areas turn brown and rot
5. Plants shrivel and collapse as a result of softening of tissues
6.In Rhizoctonia solani attack infected stems become hard, thin (wire stem symptoms) and infected seedlings topple Disease appear in patches both in nursery and field beds.

1.Raising nursery in light soil with proper drainage
2.Rabbing – burning farm trash on the surface of the beds
3.Sowing seed on raised beds of 6-8” high (15cm)
4.Using optimum seed rate of 650 g/cent
5.Seed treatment with Thiram or Captan @ 2-3 g/kg.
6.Soil drenching with Bordeaux mixture 1% or Copper oxychloride 0.3% or Metalaxyl(Ridomil) 0.2%
7.Biocontrol with Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum
8.Raising modern nurseries in portrays under controlled conditions in polyhouses

1.Disease is more in December - October in transplanted crop
2.Small, circular to irregular, brownish black scattered spots appear on leaves
3.Severely infected leaves defoliate
4.Infection of growing tips leads to necrosis of branches from tip backwards
5.Necrotic tissues appear grayish white with black dot like acervuli in the center
6.Shedding of flowers due to the infection at pedicel and tips of branches

1.Seed treatment with Captan or Thiram 3-4g/kg
2.Collect seeds only form fruits without infection
3.Avoid intercropping with susceptible turmeric cultivars
4.Collect and destroy all infected plant parts
5.Removal and destruction of Solanaceous weed hosts and infected plant debris
6.Spray three times with Captan 1.5% or Mancozeb@0.25% just before flowering, at fruit formation stage and 15 days after second spray
7.Resistant varieties: G3, G4, B61, Lorai, etc.

1. Reduction in leaf size and narrowing of lamina
2. Chlorosis leading to mosaic symptoms
3. Downward curling along with midrib
4. Fruit may be small and distorted

1.Collection of seeds from healthy fields
2.Seed treatment with trisodium orthophosphate 16% for 15-30 minutes followed by washing clean water
3.Rouging and destruction of infected plants to remove foci of inoculum
4.Raising barrier crops around the fields to intercept aphid vectors from neighbouring fields
5.Spraying systemic insecticides Methyl demetan 2 ml/l or Dimethoate 2 ml/l for vector management
6.Growing resistant varieties

1. Circular spots with brown margins and grey centre appear on leaves
2. The spots enlarge and coalesce with others
3. The central portion of the spot becomes white and the leaves turn yellow and defoliate
4. Sometimes central portion of spot drops off
5. Spots also appear on stems and twigs as dark brown, irregular lesions with whitish centers
6. In severe cases die-back of twigs occur

1.ST with Carbendazim 2g/kg seed
2.Spray Carbendazim 0.1% or Difolaton 0.3% at 15 days interval