Naga mircha prefers well drained, fairly fertile and rich in organic matter and slightly acidic soil. Naga mircha growing area is mostly hilly.

Naga mircha requires a warmer climate. Naga mircha thrives well in temperature ranges from 20 oC to 30 oC. Naga mircha requires partial shade for optimum growth and development. Hence cultivation should be done under permanent shade trees or in agro-shade net.

It is short perennial crop and grows to a height of about 1 meter. It is commonly known as Raja mircha or King chilli is originated. “Naga mircha” or “Naga Jolokia” was confirmed in 2007 by Guinness World Records to be hottest chilli in the world. Now it is the 7th hottest chilli in the world. It is used for toothache and muscle pain. Fine paste of tender leaves are applied over boils, help in easy removal of boils. With this realisation the fruit can find its way into pharmaceutical industry. It is consumed as fresh vegetable, dried, flakes, powdered form, sauces, pickled. . It is not only used as food items but also used as a anti-verum for spider and snakes bites. It is also used as defense spray.

Nursery should be raised under low cost polyhouse. A net area of 100 m2 is required to raise the seedlings of one hectare land. Size of nursery bed should be kept 1 m width and convenient length with 15 cm height. For raising healthy nursery, beds are dug out and mixed FYM or pig manure @ 3 kg/m2 area. Normally 400-500 g seed is required for planting one hectare land. Sowing should be done in February-March. Line to line distance are kept 8-10 cm. Line sowing prevents damping off disease. . Irrigate the nursery beds in the evening till seedlings are ready for transplanting. Regular weeding is important to get healthy seedling.

Naga mircha is transplanted in pit. About 30 x 30 x 30 cm pit size are dug out during 1st week of March and kept for about 20-30 days for solarization. Pit to pit distance are kept 1.2 x 1.2 m. During final preparation, Pits should be filled with mixture of top soil, biofertilizer, Tricoderma and FYM.

Seedlings are ready for transplanting in 4-5 weeks after sowing when they attain 5-6 leaves. One week before transplanting, irrigation should be stopped. This will facilitates hardening of seedling to tolerant transplanting shock. Best time of planting is month of March -April.

Naga mircha responds very well to added nutrients in soil but fertilizer application in Nagaland is negligible resulting low yield of crop. Integrated application of 45:30:30 kg NPK ha-1 + 10 t FYM ha-1 + Biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Phosphotika) gave maximum yield and quality of Naga Mircha.

After transplanting the seedlings, irrigation should be given every day for 3-4 days and subsequently on alternate days for 8-10 days for better establishment. Generally Naga mircha is grown as rainfed crop. First Weeding should be done at 30-40 days after transplanting the crop and repeated at regular intervals.

Naga mircha takes about 5 months for harvesting from days of transplanting. Harvesting starts from August and continue over a period of about 3 months as all the fruits do not mature at the same time. Harvesting should be done weekly intervals. Harvesting should be done weekly intervals. For long distant market and vegetable purpose, harvesting should be done at green stage. For drying, pickles and seed purpose, it should be harvested at yellow to red stage. Each plant gives about 30-200 number of fruit (1.0-1.5 kg fresh fruit). On an average Naga mircha give yield about 80-120 q/ha.